Illuminating apparatus



E. A. HAWTHORNE.

ILLUMINATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16, 19H.

1 35 144 v Patpnt'a 0ct.19,'1920. I

Invenior: Eileworih/cfl.Hawi/ horrw.

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ELLSWORTI-I A. HAWTHORNE, F BRIDG-EPORT, CONNECTICUT.

ILLUMINATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 19, 1920,

Application filed February 16, 1917. Serial No. 149,087.

, ings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representinglike parts.

This invention relates to'illuminat-ing apparatus such, for example, asthe lamps commonly used on vehicles and a primary purpose is to providea device which will be free from objectionable glare.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the followingdescription of one illustrative embodiment thereof, taken in connectionwith the accompanying draw ing, wherein Figure 1 is a central verticalsection through a lamp embodying my invention, and

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of flly invention may be embodied inman forms and it is applicable to lamps of di ferent styles andconstructions. In the accompanying drawings I have shown one style oflamp in which my invention may advantageously be used and for clearnessI will describe specifically the lamp here shown.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the lamp illustrated includes a suitablecasing 3, having a light-transmitting opening 5, with a suitable closuretherefor such as the glazing 7, and having an interior reflectingsurface, conveniently in the form of a separate reflector 9, which ispreferably a paraboloid of comparatively long focus to project for wardin parallel. beams rays of light falling thereon from a focally disposedsource. Within the casing is a light 11, herein shown as an incandescentbulb, disposed on the axial line of the reflector 7. This light may bemounted on an adjustable socket member 13, to permit the same to bemoved in and out axially. The construction and operation of the socket13 may be the same as the socket shown in my application Serial #108062,filed July 7 1916. It will be understood that if the socket 13 isadjusted so thatthe light 11. is at the focus of the parabola, thereflected rays will be projected forward in parallel beams and the lampwill function asa true spot light; but, if the light is moved out offocus, a divergent cone of reflected. rays will be produced.

In order to permit the use of a long focus reflector without undulyincreasing the size of the lamp, the light transmitting opening 5 isplaced at the same distance from the reflector and a secondary reflector15, in the form of a spherical zone may be provided, the center of thiszone herein being the focus of the parabola. The two reflectors 9 and 15are connected by the frusto-conical portion 17. If the paraboloid wereextended to the position of the reflector 15, the rays would fallthereon at such an angle that they would be of comparatively littlevalue. The spherical reflector will return certain of the rays to thelight source and they will heat and materially increase the eificiencyof the nitrogen-filled incandescent lamp which I preferably use. At thesame time, the glazing 7 is placed at a suflicient distance from thereflector to permit the addition of the glare-preventing devices which Ishall shortly describe and the size of the lamp is kept withinreasonable limits.

To prevent the light emitted from the lamp from having an objectionableglare, I have here shown an opaque screen 19, in the form of a tube orcylinder, disposed substantially coaxially with the reflector andcarried by the glazing 7. I have here shown it as secured thereto by .ascrew 21 and cooperating nut 22. The cylinder extends'inwardly andsurrounds the lamp bulb 11, but is cut away at one side as shown at 23to provide the integral segmental extension 25, laterally overlying thelight at one side thereof and extending into close proximity to thereflector 9.

The truly cylindrical portion of the screen 19 at the left of thecut-away portion 23 in Fig. 1, is preferably so proportioned as tointercept all the direct rays of light from the source 11, which wouldotherwise pass through the opening 5 of the lamp casing. Thus the lightemitted from the lamp consists solely of reflected rays and the intenseand concentrated direct rays are eliminated, thus doing away with muchof the glare.

- The. direct rays of light, of course, inevitably diverge and would betransmitted through the opening 5 in the form of a cone, independentlyof the form of the reflector and the position of the lamp. Theelimination of these rays, therefore, makes it possible to control thedirection in which the light is projected and the height of the beamfrom the light, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

The segmental extension 25 overlies the light at one side thereof andcuts off a portion of the reflector from its rays. A portion of the beamfrom the light is thus eliminated and, if the beam is projected as acone, a part is cut off and only the rays which extend in a certaindirection are utilized. Consequently it is possible to provide a lightwhich will not shine above a certain level, and which therefore, whenused on a vehicle, will not be projected into the eyes of pedestrians ordriversof other vehicles.

To permit the light source to be effectively screened at one sidethereof and at the same time to provide for such variations in thedistance between the glazing and the reflector as may occur in differentlamps, I may provide an adjustable tip portion 27, in the-form of asegment mounted on the integral segmental portion 25 in such manner thatit may be adjusted longitudinally thereon. l have here shown the member27 as provided with slots 29 and rivets 31 are passed through theseslots and the portion 25 and set with suiiicient tightness to hold thetip 2'? in adjusted position while permitting it to be moved when it isdesired to adjust it. By the provision of such a tip it is possible toprovide a lamp with an opaque screen extended at one side of the axialline from the casing 7 practically into contact with the reflector 9, asillustrated in Fig. 1.

While I have described in considerable detail the illustrativeembodiment of my invention shown in the accompanying drawings, I havedone so in order that the structure and its operation might be morequickly comprehended and not because all the details referreed to areessential. The mechanism employed might be Widely varied withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention and what I claim and desire tose cure by Letters Patent is 1. A lamp comprising a casing having aninterior reflecting surface and a light transmitting opening, a closurefor said opening, a substantially axially located light in said casingand a tubular member secured to said closure in front of said light andhaving an integral segmental portion laterally overlying the same.

2. A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface anda light transmitting opening, a closure for said opening, a lamp in saidcasing mounted for adjustment along the axial line of said reflector anda tubular member coaxially mounted on said closure and having anintegral segmental extension laterally overlying said light.

A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface and alight transmitting opening, a closure for said opening, a lamp in saidcasing located on the axial line of the reflector, and a fixedly locatedopaque screen carried by said closure and at one side of said lineextending from the closure into close proximity to the reflector, andhaving an axially adjustable terminal portion adjacent the latter.

a. A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface anda light transmitting opening, a closure for said opening, asubstantially axially located light in said casing and a tubular membersecured to said closure in front of said light and having an integralsegmental portion laterally overlying the same said segmental portionhaving an adjustable tip.

5. A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface anda light transmitting opening, a closure for said opening, asubstantially axially located light in said casing, a tubular membermounted on said closure in front of said light and a segmental membermounted upon one side thereof by a pin and slot connection.

6. A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface anda light transmitting opening, a closure for said opening, asubstantially axially located light in said casing, a cylinder having abase secured to said closure and extending over said light and intoclose proximity to the reflector, the cylinder being cut away at oneside thereof adjacent the light permitting rays therefrom to fall on thereflector.

7. Illuminating means comprising a reflector, a light cooperatingtherewith and screening means comprising a cylinder supported with abase in front of the light and its side extending inwardly about thelight into close proximity to the reflector, said cylinder being cutaway at one side adjacent the light permitting rays therefrom to fall onthe reflector and a segmental tip slidably mounted on the end of saidwall. I

8. A lamp comprising a casing having an interior reflecting surface anda light transmitting opening, a substantially axially located light inthe casing, a screen in front of the light comprising a base secured tosaid closure and a flange or side wall extending therefrom over thelight, said screen being cut away on one side and a segmental extensionslidably mounted on said wall.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

ELLSWORTH A. HAWTHORNE.

